Saturday, October 20, 2018

Reference Book: M.N. Dutt. Ramayana: Uttara Kanda

Title: The Ramayana: Uttara Kanda
Author: Valmiki
Translator: Manmatha Nath Dutt
Year: 1894

You can find out more about the Uttara Kanda ("Final Book") of the Ramayana at Wikipedia. Even though it is about the events that take place after Rama's defeat of Ravana in battle, this book also includes some fascinating backstory about Ravana and the origin of the rakshasas. I've provided links to the Internet Archive edition of the book section by section below so that you can consult the sections that interest you! Unlike the other editions of the Ramayana that you read for class, this is a literal translation into English from the Sanskrit original... so, just take it slowly: it's not typical English style, but it does give you a sense of what the original Sanskrit poem was like.

The History of the Rakshasas

Section 1 - The Sages, including Agastya, pay homage to Rama
Section 2 - Agastya tells of the birth of Vishravas
Section 3 - Vishravas becomes the Protector of Wealth
Section 4 - Origin of the Rakshasas
Section 5 - The three sons of Sukesha
Section 6 - Vishnu goes to the defense of the Gods
Section 7 - The combat between Vishnu and the Rakshasas
Section 8  - The combat between Vishnu and Malyavan

Ravana's Deeds

Section 9 - The birth of Ravana and his brothers
Section 10 - Ravana's sacrifice and his boon from Brahma
Section 11 - Dhanada cedes Lanka to Ravana
Section 12 - The marriages of the Rakshasas
Section 13 - Ravana's crimes
Section 14 - The combat between Ravana and the Yakshas
Section 15 - The combat between Ravana and Dhanada
Section 16 - The origin of Ravana's name
Section 17 - The story of Vedavati
Section 18 - The Gods assume a thousand forms in fear of Ravana
Section 19 - Ravana fights with Anaranya
Section 20 - Ravana's meeting with the Sage Narada
Section 21 - Ravana goes to the Nether Regions to challenge Yama
Section 22 - The duel between Ravana and Yama
Section 23 - Ravana's Struggle with the sons of Varona
Section 24 - Ravana's meeting with Bali (23.1)
Section 25 - Ravana challenges the Sun-God (23.2)
Section 26 - Ravana's encounter with King Mandhata (23.3)
Section 27 - Ravana visits the Moon Region (23.4)
Section 28 - Ravana and the Maha-Purusha (23.5)
Section 29 - Ravana carries off a number of women (24)
Section 30 - Dashagriva allies himself to Madhu (25)
Section 31 - Nalakuvara curses Ravana (26)
Section 32 - The fight between the Gods and the Rakshasas (27)
Section 33 - The duel between Indra and Ravana (28)
Section 34 - Ravana takes Indra captive (29)
Section 35 - Curse pronounced by the Sage Gautama on Shakra (30)
Section 36 - Ravana goes to the Banks of the Narmada River (31)
Section 37 - Arjuna captures Ravana (32)
Section 38 - Arjuna releases Ravana (33)
Section 39 - Vali hangs Ravana on his girdle (34)
Section 40 - Agastya tells Rama about Hanuman and his early life (35)
Section 41 - [no 42] More about Hanuman (36)
Section 43 - Ravana seeks conflict with Vishnu (37)
Section 44 - Ravana learns how to recognize Vishnu (37.1)
Section 45 - Agastya continues his narration (37.2)
Section 46 - Ravana goes to Swetadipa (37.3)
Section 47 - The Sages praise Rama and depart (37.4)
Section 48 - Rama takes leave of his allies (38)
Section 49 - Rama loads his allies with gifts (39)
Section 50 - Rama takes leave of the Bears, Monkeys and Titans (40)
Section 51 - Rama dismisses the Pushpaka Chariot (41)

Sita's Exile

Section 52 - The felicity enjoyed by Rama and Sita (42) p. 1715
Section 53 - Rama informs himself concerning current rumors (43) p. 1717
Section 54 - Rama summons his brothers (44) p. 1719
Section 55 - Rama commands Lakshmana to take Sita to the hermitage (45) p. 1721
Section 56 - Lakshmana takes Sita into exile  (46) p. 1723
Section 57 - Lakshmana tells Sita she has been repudiated (47) p. 1725
Section 58 - Lakshmana leaves Sita on the banks of the Ganges  (48) p. 1726
Section 59 - Valmiki offers Sita his protection (49) p. 1729
Section 60 - Sumantra seeks to console Lakshmana (50) p. 1731
Section 61 - Vishnu is cursed by Bhrigu (51) p. 1732
Section 62 - Lakshmana seeks out Rama (52) p. 1735-1736

Stories

Section 63 - Rama tells Lakshmana the story of Nriga (53)
Section 64 - The end of the story of Nriga (54)
Section 65 - The story of Nimi (55)
Section 66 - The cursing of the Nymph Urvashi (56)
Section 67 - The end of the story of Vasishtha and Nimi  (57)
Section 68 - Shukra curses Yayati  (58)
Section 69 - Puru takes the place of his father (59)
Section 70 - The dog at the gate (59.1)
Section 71 - The dog's complaint (59.2)
Section 72 - The vulture and the owl (59.3) 

Shatrughna

Section 73 - The ascetics seek out Rama (60)
Section 74 - The story of Madhu (61)
Section 75 - Shatrughna asks permission to fight Lavana (62)
Section 76 - The installation of Shatrughna (63)
Section 77 - Shatrughna sets out to meet Lavana (64)
Section 78 - The story of Saudasa (65)
Section 79 - The birth of Kusha and Lava (66) 
Section 80 - The story of Mandhata (67)
Section 81 - Shatrughna encounters Lavana (68)
Section 82 - The Death of Lavana (69)
Section 83 - Shatrughna establishes Himself in the City of Madhu  (70)
Section 84 - Shatrughna seeks out the Sage Valmiki (71)
Section 85 - Shatrughna returns to see Rama (72)

Rama's Reign

Section 86 - The death of a Brahmin's son (73)
Section 87 - Narada's discourse (74)
Section 88 - Rama makes a tour of inspection of his kingdom (75)
Section 89 - Shambuka is slain by Rama (76)
Section 90 - The story of Swargin (77)
Section 91 - Shveta tells his story (78)
Section 92 - The hundred sons of Ikshvaku (79)
Section 93 - Danda insults Aruja (80)
Section 94 - The destruction of Danda's kingdom (81)
Section 95 - Rama takes leave of Agastya (82)
Section 96 - Bharata persuades Rama not to perform the Rajasuya (83)
Section 97 - The story of Vritra (84)
Section 98 - The death of Vritra  (85)
Section 99 - Indra is liberated (86)
Section 100 - The story of Ila (87)
Section 101 - Budha encounters Ila (88)
Section 102 - The birth of Pururavas (89)
Section 103 - Ila regains her natural state (90)

Lava and Kusha

Section 104 - Rama gives the command for the Ashvamedha sacrifice (91) p. 1899
Section 105 - Description of the Ashvamedha sacrifice (92) p. 1901
Section 106 - Valmiki commands the boys to recite the Ramayana (93) p. 1903
Section 107 - The boys recite (94) p. 1904
Section 108 - Rama sends for Sita (95) p. 1906
Section 109 - Valmiki leads Sita before Rama (96) p. 1908
Section 110 - Sita descends into the Earth  (97) p. 1909
Section 111 - Rama's anger and grief (98) p. 1911
Section 112 - The death of the queens (99) p. 1913-1914

The End
Section 113 - Rama sends Bharata to conquer the Gandharvas  (100)
Section 114 - The slaying of the Gandharvas (101)
Section 115 - Rama bestows kingdoms on Lakshmana's sons  (102)
Section 116 - Death is sent to seek out Rama  (103)
Section 117 - Death delivers his message  (104)
Section 118 - The Sage Durvasa comes to visit Rama  (105)
Section 119 - Rama banishes Lakshmana  (106)
Section 120 - Rama installs Kusha and Lava on the Throne (107)
Section 121 - Rama issues his last commands  (108)
Section 122 - Rama's departure for the Mahaprasthana  (109)
Section 123 - Rama ascends to Heaven with the other Beings (110)
Section 124 - The supreme virtue of the Ramayana (111)



Image source: Rama goes into the river

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